On 21^st January 2026, Rwanda concluded its Fourth Universal Periodic Review (UPR), during which it reaffirmed its commitment to advancing human rights through reforms that place citizens at the centre of governance and development.

The review provided Rwanda with an opportunity to present progress achieved since its previous review, outline remaining challenges, and share national priorities. The UPR is a peer-review mechanism through which all UN Member States assess one another’s human rights records.

Rwanda’s national delegation was led by Hon. Dr. Emmanuel Ugirashebuja, Minister of Justice and Attorney General, and comprised senior officials from institutions forming Rwanda’s National Mechanism for Implementation, Reporting and Follow-up (NMIRF). 

The delegation included Ambassador Urujeni Bakuramutsa, Permanent Representative of Rwanda to the United Nations in Geneva; Dr. Doris Picard Uwicyeza, the Chief Executive Officer of the Rwanda Governance Board; Mr. Ivan Murenzi, Director General of the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda; and Mr. Bob Gakire, Permanent Secretary at the Ministry of Local Government.

Presenting Rwanda’s national report, the Minister of Justice highlighted progress across civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, while acknowledging challenges requiring sustained effort. He underscored ongoing legal and policy reforms aimed at strengthening the rule of law, improving access to justice, reinforcing accountability, and ensuring inclusive participation.

Rwanda also presented evidence-based results reflecting progress in key areas, including sanitation, maternal health, and poverty reduction, illustrating how coordinated national action translates policies and reforms into tangible outcomes for citizens.

Addressing the review, the Minister of Justice said “The promotion and protection of human rights remain fundamental to establishing a secure and just environment for all citizens. Rwanda’s National Strategy for Transformation 2 (2024–2029) links development goals with protecting rights, strengthening the rule of law, and ensuring inclusive participation.”

Speaking on the requirements for NGOs to operate in Rwanda and their regulations, the CEO of the Rwanda Governance Board Dr. Doris Uwicyeza Picard said that Rwanda has learnt from experience that unregulated civic spaces create briefcase NGOs that emerge when funding is available, lack governance and have a little impact on citizens.

“As custodian of accountability in governance sector, RGB set due diligence requirements in order to know more about the organization and find out what it intends to do and how it will be held accountable” Dr. Doris said. 

Following its 4th UPR, Rwanda will consider the recommendations received and continue national implementation and follow-up in line with its Constitution, international obligations, and national development priorities.